Translation of "sd9-10" into Icelandic

S.D.9-10 6. Describe how the auditory system can restore missing parts of complex sounds. What are continuity and restoration effects? The auditory system can fill in missing parts of sounds based on perceptual restoration: continuity effect (when a sound is interrupted by noise, the brain perceives the sound as continuous if the noise covers the gap seamlessly),a and restoration effect (the brain reconstructs missing parts of familiar sounds (e.g. speech or music) based on context and expectations). 7. What is acoustic startle reflex? The acoustic startle reflex is an automatic, defensive response to a sudden, loud sound. It involves rapid contraction of muscles, such as blinking and tensing, and is mediated by brainstem circuits. This reflex protects against potential threats.

8. Describe the two major cues that our brain uses to localise sound waves. Interaural Time Differences (ITDs) – difference in the time it takes for a sound to reach each ear help localize low-frequency sounds. Interaural Level Differences (ILDs) – differences in sound intensity between ears help localize high-frequency sounds due to the head shadow effect. 9. What is auditory stream segregation and what cues does the brain use to achieve it? Auditory stream segregation is the process of separating different sound sources into distinct perceptual streams. The brain uses cues like: Pitch differences – sounds with different pitches are perceived as separate streams. Temporal differences – sounds occurring at different times are segregated. Timbre differences – variations in sound quality help differentiate streams. Spatial location – differences in sound source direction help create separate streams.