Translation of "mk12" into Icelandic

MK12 Religiosity and Life Outcomes - Health – religiosity and longevity link. o More religious  25% less likely to die during the period of the study. o Do religious people have healthier lives? Or are people who have healthier lives more prone to believe? o Social and financial support from the community as a third factor. - Life satisfaction – modest correlation  0.20 & 0.30 o Variation in life satisfaction mostly explained by 3-9% changes in religiosity. o Because of social support and being more optimistic and belief in just a world. - Law-abidingness – more religious & less tendency to committing crime o Effect is quite low  r=0.10 o Because of avoidance of delinquent behaviour and supporting conventional attitudes. - Number of children – positive correlation between number of children and religiosity.

MK12 Summary of RELIGION - Researchers have long interested in consequences and predictors of religiority. - Effect sizes for studies are quite low (understandable!) - There is no consensus on: o Definition of “religiosity” o Measurement of religiosity o Very sensitive to stigmatization! - There are ongoing lines of research on this topic by social psychologists, neuroscientists, economics, political scientists.

MK12 Genetic and Environmental Influences (and Spousal Similarity) - More research on the link between the genetic and environmental origins of variation in religiosity and in political attitudes - The influence of the common or shared environment on religious and political variables (the effect was small for personality traits). - Effects of religiosity: o Fraternal twins – tended to be similar in religiosity when they were growing up together (r=0.60), only moderately similar when they were in their 30s after moved away (r=0.40) o Identical twins – no such decrease in religiosity similarity with their age  r changes from 0.70 to 0.60

- Effects on political attitudes: o 7000 twin pair study (Abrahamson et al., 2002) – the similarity in conservatism levels showed a very different pattern of differences across age groups among identical and fraternal twins.  Fraternal twins tended to be rather similar in conservatism during their teenage years (correlations averaging in the 0.50s), less similar after the age of 20 (correlations averaging about 0.40)  Identical twins – tended to be rather similar in conservatism during their teenage years (correlations again averaging in the 0.50s) BUT identical twins were actually somewhat more similar in conservatism after the age of 20 (correlations averaging above 0.60).